The Belgian cosmologist George Lemaitre was the first to hypothesize that if the universe of today had undergone such a strong contraction that it could crush all the galaxies present in it, it could have been reduced to an point of density and temperature infinitely large. This union therefore allows the birth of a theory of quantum gravity which is one of the objectives that cosmology has so far failed to achieve. This means that these equations manage to reconcile quantum mechanics, which treats particles, with Einstein's general relativity which treats immensely large masses.

Photonics21 Members - Representatives from Industry, Academia and Politics Photonics21 members represent leading photonics stakeholders along the whole economic value chain throughout Europe.This article presents some of the author's equations that manage to demonstrate, contrary to what is believed, that a gravitational singularity can be treated mathematically.

Many market-leading industrial players.

Estimated market size in 2015 ~ в‚¬ 480 bn.Photonics вЂ“ A Key Enabling Technology with enormous economic potential High speed fibre networks with multi-terabit capacity are backbone for web 2.0 & 3.0 products & internet of things.Laser drilling: 25,000 holes per second for efficient solar cells.Lasers enable new lightweight structures.Smart sensors for automotive safety IR detection systems.LEDs, OLEDs and intelligent networks can save 2/3 of electricity for lighting.Early diagnosis through new detection methods.Photonics will impact most areas of our lives detection Lighting (LEDs, displays) Manufacturing (high power lasers) Telecommunication (fibers, components, systems) LED light bulb oflight Medicine (lasers, microscopes) Sensor technology (optical sensors) glass fibers Photonics bears the same relationship to light and photons as electronics does to electricity and electrons.Photonics вЂ“ the technology of harnessing light Photonics comprises the

LвЂ™esempio di Photonics21 Fondata nel Dicembre 2005 Strategic Research Agenda (1a ed.) Aprile 2006

High Performance Computing (evolution from FP7 PPP).

PPPs in Horizon 2020 Contractual public-private partnerships are being considered in the following areas: Oltre le ETP: le Public Private Partnership Public-private partnerships in Horizon 2020: a powerful tool to deliver on innovation and growth in Europe These partnerships will be based on a contractual agreement between the Commission and the industry partners, setting out the objectives, commitments, key performance indicators and outputs to be delivered. The European Commission does not own or manage European Technology Platforms, which are independent organisations.

sharing information and enable knowledge transfer to a wide range of stakeholders across the EU.

mobilising industry and other stakeholders within the EU to work in partnership and deliver on agreed priorities.

developing strategies and provide a coherent business-focused analysis of research and innovation bottlenecks and opportunities related to societal challenges and industrial leadership actions.Building on the strategies for Europe 2020 and for an Innovation Union, the Commission's Horizon 2020 proposal for an integrated research and innovation framework programme recognises the role of ETPs as part of the external advice and societal engagement needed to implement Horizon 2020.Д®TP: ruolo in Horizon 2020 ETPs will therefore be a key element in the European innovation ecosystem and will help turn Europe into an Innovation Union, by taking a holistic view and:.ETPs span a wide range of technology areas and have to date played an important role by developing joint visions, setting Strategic Research and Innovation Agendas and contributing to the definition of the research priorities including those under the Research Framework Programmes.Il ruolo delle Piattaforme Tecnologiche Europee: lвЂ™esempio di Photonics21 Roberta Ramponi Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie IFN-CNR e Politecnico di Milano Piattaforma Tecnologica Europea Photonics21Дefinizione e ruolo delle ETP European Technology Platforms (ETPs) are industry-led stakeholder fora that develop short to long-term research and innovation agendas and roadmaps for action at EU and national level to be supported by both private and public funding.

Fotonica significato